The Choice Of Plaster For Facade

Any house in a simplified form of a box. Make it a palace, with any style, help to dry mix (CAS) and the surface details of small architectural forms. To carry out plastering work need to first choose the right dry mix (choice depends on the type and strength of construction material from which erected the walls of your cabin). This may be one of the well-known plaster mixtures: sand-lime, terrazitovye, stone (lime-cement or cement).

To understand this diversity, we consider the composition of these plasters and their applications. Lime-sand plaster contains as a binder hydrated lime, and as a placeholder – white quartz sand or sand, obtained by crushing limestone.

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This mixture is suitable for decoration of the facade of wooden houses, or houses, built of lime white brick, cinder block from the blocks, as well as for interior decoration. Lime plaster can be applied to concrete and metal surfaces. In addition, it should not be used for decoration plinths, fences, bases of columns and pilasters, shaped parts, rods with a large outflow of walls subjected to the enhanced hydration.

Well look white texture strip of lime-sand mortar, simulating door and window frames and corners facades. Figures 1 and 2 provide WAX frames for a pattern with lime-sand plaster dry.

Terrazitovye mixture — this is the same lime-cement plaster, but with a predominance of lime. It contains hydrated lime, 35% (of total binders) portland cement, filler – finely ground limestone flour, filler – a mixture of rock and / or river sand or limestone crumb.

Used terrazitovye plaster for finishing the facades of buildings with increased requirements for mechanical strength and weather resistance and plastering architectural rods. Also use it for finishing the brick walls with highly dissected surfaces (protruding rusty, frequent belts, small piers and engaged columns, relief frames, etc.) for finishing the surface with a wet operating conditions, surfaces exposed to shock and friction, as well as surfaces concrete. Do not use terrazitovye plaster for finishing plinths, materials with the strength of M-50 and below (eg, cinder block walls).

Finished plaster for 3 days moistened with water (1 time per day). When performing large volumes of work with a mechanized method of application of cost-effective to use CAS with water storage and plasticizing additives. Stone plaster is divided into cement-lime plaster (with a predominance of cement – 65% of total binders), imitating facing limestone, dolomite, marble, and cement plaster, imitating granite cladding. On the use of cement-lime plaster will be discussed in next article. As for cement CAS, it is used for decoration of entire buildings and their parts are systematically moisture (plinths, balconies, parapets, buildings, railings outside walls, fences), as well as for the manufacture of facade stucco architectural details. Cement plaster can be used in finishing a strong base (concrete, high-quality brick, metal wall).

It must be dampened with water for the past 6 days, 3-4 times a day. But what the SSA, you would not choose any plastering is better to start with a preliminary production of small stamps on all the rules and the application of selected technologies and materials. Only a satisfactory result, you can buy tested materials in the quantities required to perform work in full.

In cases involving all types of CAS already once plastered surfaces should assess the composition of the old plaster and apply for updating a similar composition. It is necessary to clean off damaged areas, repair the cracks, recover lost segments, after which the entire surface clean from dust and wash with running water under pressure. When the surface becomes dull, you can begin to upgrade the plaster layer.

The plaster should be well coupled with the base (this is determined by the surface of small percussion hammer weighing 200 g) should be free of cracks, bubbles and layers of landslides along the edges and should not crumble during solidification.

What are the general principles of the device layers of plaster decoration?

Have you ever noticed that in winter I feel discomfort, if you forgot pododet shirt. Wear a coat, but do not wear any shirts or sweaters, or pants in general, it seems absurd! So the house – the same creature. He needs a "multi-layered clothing for protection against heat and cold.

Consider forming a traditional three-layer plaster stone mortar from dry building blends with a total thickness of 15 to 30 mm. To begin to make rough calculations. In each case, must take into account the properties and physico-chemical state of materials that you will use in the construction of his house. Choosing the protective layer, then measure and calculate the total area of the facade at home (all measurements are given in meters).

So, we chose the thickness of 30 mm or 0.03 m. Our house – two stories high, total floor area of 116.8 m2. The length of the house 9,6 m, width 7,2 m, height of 6 meters Building area: (9,6 x6) x2 + (7,2 x6) x2 = x2 57.6 43.2 x2 = 115.2 86.4 = 201 6 m3. One-fifth of falling on the windows and doors, subtract from the total area of plaster and obtain 161,3 m2. To calculate the amount of plaster, multiply the total area on a given thickness: 161,3 x0, 03 = 4,84 m 3.

In any construction process there are losses, but they must be no more than 3%. In our case, we obtain: 4,84 x1, 03 = 4.9852? 5 m3 or 5000 liters. Of these, 0,8 m3 per device will finish plaster coat. For further selection CAS or its independent preparation use "Federal (typical) elemental norms of cement consumption in the manufacture of concrete and concrete products and structures", ie SNIP 82-02-95, (Moscow: Ministry of Construction of Russia, 1996).

According to "Appendix B, we define the brand for SSA plaster layer: it must be equiresistant with the main wall. For example, a wall lined with bricks mark "150". We choose the strength class plaster B10, corresponding to the brand "150" (the principle of choice in the mix we have considered above). In our case we take terrazitovye mix brand "150". Weight 1 m3 CAS usually varies from 1850 to 2000 kg. For bags with plasters prefabricated indicate the necessary amount of water.

To assess the suitability of the chosen approximate mix take 1 bag: the recommended quantity per liter adding water and intensively stirred for 5 minutes. Would be happy to fill in 3 divided doses quart, sealing its ends soaked wooden or metal sticks round. Weigh and determine the net weight of the solution. Thus we found out the solution from the dry mixture.

Weight of dry mixture, spent on preparing 1 liter of solution, multiplied by 5000 liters, the result divided by weight of the bag and get the required number of bags.

In the event that we have to prepare terrazitovye mix yourself, use the SNIP for an approximate calculation of the composition. Table 1 on page 3 stated that for the solution of class B10 mark "150" should take 200 kg/m3 cement hardening in normal conditions.

Because the average weight of solution (1925 kg/m3), subtract the mixing water (180 kg/m3), then the basic rate of cement brand "400" (200 kg/m3) and obtain the number of filler:

1545 kg/m3 or 1.545 kg / liter.

The calculation is conducted on dry materials or minus specific humidity (W) filler, which can readily find at home.

This requires:

1. select from different points of 4 kg of sand, put it even layer in the form of a rectangle, divided with a sharp object, like a chessboard, to choose the method of quartering a sample of sand weighing 1 kg (in a checkerboard pattern, that is, for example, all "black" cells);
2. pour samples taken in a metal container and immediately weighed (g1);
3. dry aggregate to constant weight in an oven or on the stove at 105-110 ? C (g2);
4. calculate humidity c up 0.1% by the formula:

W = g1-g2/g2 * 100.

Thoroughly mix the selected composition. The solution after mixing to be uniform in composition, color and consistency, should not be split (ie, should not happen the appearance of sediment of sand and water separation at the surface within 30 minutes). Recommended storage time plaster – no more than 4 hours: Cement – 2 hours, the complex – 3 hours.

Control output value per liter of solution is determined by weight-liter cans with this solution. If access to the practice was more or less, you need to recalculate the required quantity of raw materials for proportions. For example, we received a weight of 1,700 kg liter cans. This means that out of 1,925 kg of raw materials we receive 1,132 liters. In this case the weight of each component of the raw mix should be reduced to 1.132 per cent. If the weight of a liter is larger than the calculated values, similar calculations should be performed with increasing amounts of raw materials combined. It is necessary to control the mobility of the resulting solution, and remember: the more water, the less strength.

Having dealt with the basic principles of choosing plaster and the rules of its production, we turn directly to the problem of facade. For the "spray" and "nakryvki" draft standard cone 10-12 cm (for brick and stone walls), 9-10 cm (for the wooden walls and ceilings), 7-8 cm (for soil).

The first layer – "spraying" ("T-shirt") – need to dissolve thinner and rapidly sketched a thickness of 0,5 cm on a clean, wetted surface. This layer provides adhesion to the plaster wall. The required size of sand 0,1-3,15 mm (it should be remembered that the sand must first sift, discard the small particles). After 48 hours, can cause major, a thick layer – "ground" ("sweater"). He pounced with a trowel, a fish-scales, 2 cm thick core layer provides strength, water resistance, heat preservation and alignment of the wall. The required size of sand 0,1-3,15 mm.

After 2-15 days can cause "nakryvku (" coat "), thickness 0,5 cm This layer is also erased snaps trowel and float. The solution should be applied to the surface with a thin layer without a gap and tight lie on the ground. Deposition of the upper layer is determined by the choice of subsequent decorative home. The required size of fine sand 0,1-0,2 mm.

How is it possible to achieve a beautiful effect in the processing of conventional plaster? One way – this invoice processing, which type depends on the composition (type of binder, filler), the degree of hardening of the plaster to top performance, the availability of tools and method of processing (see Figures 31-9). Lime and lime-cement plaster can ofakturit in plastic and poluplastichnom state, and cement – after completion of the seizure.

To cap or rusticated stone to name a rough rough surface in the plastic state of plaster, they handle brushes, bristle or rubber brush, etc. If caused by wet plaster layer protortsevat brush-trimming or wire brush, you can get pretty rough texture of the surface – under the sandstone. After 1-2 hours after application "nakryvki" can ofakturit surface with the help of the cycle, and after 7-8 days – with the help of percussion instruments, ie Buchardo, Troianka, groove, sand blasters.

And finally, once again like to remind you: do not be lazy to test hallmarks!